Сross-cultural approach in historical and pedagogical studies

Abstract

The article substantiates the methodology of historical and pedagogical research on the use of cross-cultural approach. The emphasis is placed on the necessity and importance of bringing up children and young people in Ukraine on the principles of the field of policultural, the national orientation of education, and the inalienability of education from the national soil. It is proved that cross-cultural – sociocultural interactions is the crossing of the common and different in the history of development of the domestic and world system of education and upbringing of children.
The publication emphasizes that in the scientific aspect cross-culturalism is considered as the methodological basis of the development of the humanities, it actively develops cross-cultural philosophy, psychology, pedagogy. In the scientific literature, the "cross" has a common semantic component (element) – "intersection": cross, crossing, and, in general, after the English explanatory dictionary – it is the involvement of a common and different of the two or more countries. It is also stated that the methodology of such researches is characterized by such concepts as "cross-cultural comparison", "cross-cultural research", "cross-cultural approach", "cross-cultural linguistics, psychology". In the course of work substantiated content of these concepts in the context of historical and pedagogical research, systematized scientific approaches in such researches (systematic, axiological, synergetic, autobiographical, regional, sociological). Further work requires methodological substantiation of such approaches as culturological and sociocultural. The article substantiates that the methodology of cross-cultural research cannot be intuitive, but includes a series of sequential actions, corresponding content and states of conduct. It is proved that the cross-cultural approach is based on the data of other scientific fields, in particular ethnography.
As an example, works on the methodology of cross-cultural studies by M. Mead, F. Ares, and D. Murdoch are given, the theoretical foundations of this approach are supported by the material on the "Regional picture of human relationships" (1937) and the "Standard cross-cultural sample" (1969) (USA). It is emphasized the importance and the possibility of using materials on ethnography in historical and pedagogical research in the present conditions.