MORAL EDUCATION IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE IN THE 20-30s OF THE XX CENTURY: HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL REFLECTION

Abstract

The article analyses the specifics of moral education in correctional institutions of Ukraine in the historical and pedagogical context. The relevance of the research problem of moral education in correctional institutions of Ukraine in the 20-30s of the XX century has been substantiated. The author characterises the establishment of the system of correctional institutions in Ukraine following the resolutions, circulars, and codes of the 1920s and 1930s. At this time, a new means of educational influence had launched in correctional institutions – «educational and upbringing work», an integral part of which was educational work, including socio-political, moral, labour, physical, hygienic, and sex education. The paper proves that the moral education of convicts implies acquaintance with the moral values of society, formation of personal qualities of the convict, his/her life position, and establishment of moral principles and norms, moral ideals and beliefs, and moral values. It has been proved that, by the socio-political and economic factors of the country's development, approaches to moral education, as well as forms and methods of its implementation, had changed in correctional institutions. Educational work was guided by state-level regulations, as well as by the various local regulations of each institution. The Corrective Labour Code of the USSR (1925) provided for the following forms and methods: forced labour, reading aloud, conversations, lectures, work in workshops, performances, concerts, literary evenings, literary courts, friendly courts, debates, live newspapers, etc. The author describes the practice of moral education in the Poltava labour colony named after M. Horky headed by A. Makarenko (1920-1928), the Poltava agricultural colony named after V. Korolenko (1919-1933), the Chutovo colony «Pioneer» named after May 1st (1920-1925), and the colony-commune «Okhtyrka Children's Town» (1922-1932).