РОЗСІЯНИЙ СКЛЕРОЗ: ПАТОГЕНЕЗ І ФІЗИЧНА ТЕРАПІЯ
Ключові слова:
розсіяний склероз, фактори ризику, вітамін D, куріння, інфекція, фізична терапіяАнотація
Мета. Аналіз факторів ризику розвитку та методи фізичної терапії розсіяного склерозу. Методи. Проведений аналіз наукових досліджень щодо патогенезу та фізичної терапії розсіяного склерозу за
останні 20 років. Результати. Розсіяний склероз являє собою демієлінізуюче запальне захворювання
центральної нервової системи з імуно-опосередкованим патогенезом. Причина виникнення розсіяного склерозу точно не з’ясована: найбільш поширена думка про те, що розсіяний склероз виникає в результаті зовнішніх впливів на тлі генетичної схильності. Віддається перевага випадковому поєднанню екзогенних та спадкових (ендогенних) чинників. Доказано зв’язок HLA DRB1*15: 01 з ризиком розвитку розсіяного склерозу. Найбільш важливими факторами ризику навколишнього середовища є вірус Епштейна–Бара, роль куріння і недостатність вітаміну D підтверджена, але вимагає додаткових досліджень. На сьогодні травми, вакцини, стреси, алергічні реакції, харчування не є визначальними факторами ризику розсіяного склерозу. Комплексні екологічні та генетичні дослідження, особливо вивчення молекулярних механізмів, можуть підвищити обізнаність про захворювання в даному напрямку. Висновок. Фізична терапія є невід’ємною частиною комплексного лікування пацієнтів з розсіяним склерозом. Лікувальна фізична фізкультура - найважливіший компонент реабілітаційних програм, направлених на
відновлення сили в м’язах, зниження спастичного тонусу і відновлення координації рухів. Розробка високотехнологічних методів фізичної реабілітаці, зокрема телемедицини, допоможе розробити ефективні індивідуальні мультидисциплінарні програми реабілітації хворих з розсіяним склерозом.
Ключові слова: розсіяний склероз, фактори ризику, вітамін D, куріння, інфекція, фізична терапія.
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