Cobalt ferrite catalyst in the degradation of caffeine by hydrogen peroxide under induction heating

Volodymyra Boychuk; Lyubomyr Nykyruy; Ivan Yaremiy; Viktor Husak

doi:10.15330/pcss.25.4.885-891

Authors

Volodymyra Boychuk Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Lyubomyr Nykyruy Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Ivan Yaremiy Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Viktor Husak Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15330/pcss.25.4.885-891

Keywords:

cobalt ferrite, green synthesis, hydrogen peroxide, caffeine, untreated wastewater

Abstract

Caffeine is an emerging contaminant that is difficult to remove with conventional remediation methods. Wet peroxide oxidation with heterogeneous cobalt ferrite catalyst was tested an efficient and environmentally friendly technology for caffeine removal. Due to its ferromagnetic properties, cobalt ferrite is especially suitable to induction heating (IH) by alternating magnetic field. Cobalt ferrite was synthesized by “green” auto-combustion method using Ginkgo Biloba extract as a fuel. Spinel structure of the obtained material was confirmed by XRD. The degradation of caffeine in aqueous solutions was studied using cobalt ferrite suspension in a batch reactor under neutral conditions (pH = 7). The synthesized cobalt ferrite effectively accelerates the oxidative degradation of caffeine (Caf). Three independent process variables were tested: initial caffeine concentration (1–5 mg/L), hydrogen peroxide concentration (10–50 mM), and induction heating (IH). The reaction kinetics was monitored by measuring the concentrations of Caf and H₂O₂ by spectrophotometry. Kinetics of the Caf degradation was described by the first-order model and the corresponding reaction rate constants were measured. The efficiency of the Caf degradation was evaluated using percentage removal. The Caf degradation efficiency strongly depends on the initial concentration of H₂O₂ and catalyst dose. For the initial Caf concentration of 1.0 mg/L, the catalyst dose of 3.0 g/L and H₂O₂ concentration of 30 mM result in caffeine degradation efficiency of 92.45%. The results of the study show that CoFe₂O₄ synthesized using Ginkgo Biloba extract is a promising heterogeneous catalyst for wastewater remediation.

References

Z.-J. Tang, L.-Y. Hao, Y.-C. Zhao, L. Tian, N. Li, Z.-Q. Liu, Bridging oxygen mediated alkaline Fenton catalysis in LDHs for water purification, Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy, 363, 124828 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124828.

E.H. Khader, S.A. Muslim, N.M.C. Saady, N.S. Ali, I.K. Salih, T.J. Mohammed, T.M. Albayati, S. Zendehboudi, Recent advances in photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes for organic compound degradation: A review, Desalin. Water Treat., 318, 100384 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100384.

C. Feng, H. Zhang, J. Guo, S.-Y. Yu, M. Luo, J. Zhang, Y. Ren, Y. Liu, P. Zhou, C.-S. He, Z. Xiong, Y. Yuan, Y. Wu, B. Lai, Boosted H2O2 utilization and selective hydroxyl radical generation for water decontamination: Synergistic roles of dual active sites in H2O2 activation., Water Res., 267, 122453 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122453.

T. Tatarchuk, Studying the Defects in Spinel Compounds: Discovery, Formation Mechanisms, Classification, and Influence on Catalytic Properties, Nanomaterials, 14, 1640 (2024); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201640.

I. Starko, T. Tatarchuk, M. Naushad, N. Danyliuk, Enhanced Activity of La-Substituted Nickel–Cobalt Ferrites in Congo Red Dye Removal and Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 235, 527 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07329-5.

L. Rajadurai, R. Sambasivam, C. Sekhar Dash, J.R. Rajabathar, A. Tony Dhiwahar, H. Al-lohedan, J. Vidhya, M. Sundararajan, S. Yuvaraj, Effective removal of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light using Mg1−xCoxFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) nanoparticles, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 308, 117614 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2024.117614.

J. Prakash, R. Jasrotia, Himanshi, J. Singh, A. Kandwal, P. Sharma, Wastewater Treatment: The Emergence of Cobalt Ferrite and Its Composites in Sulfate Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes, Emergent Mater., (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-024-00735-9.

M.A.P. Cechinel, J.L. Nicolini, P.M. Tápia, E.A.C. Miranda, S. Eller, T.F. de Oliveira, F. Raupp-Pereira, O.R.K. Montedo, T.B. Wermuth, S. Arcaro, Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Spinel as a New Efficient Magnetic Heterogeneous Fenton-like Catalyst for Wastewater Treatment, Sustainability, 15, 15183 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/su152015183.

T. Tatarchuk, A. Shyichuk, N. Danyliuk, I. Lapchuk, V. Husak, W. Macyk, Fenton-like water disinfection using fixed-bed reactor filled with a CoFe2O4 catalyst: Mechanisms, the impact of anions, electromagnetic heating, and toxicity evaluation, Sep. Purif. Technol., 348, 127748 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127748.

G. do Carmo Dias, N.C.S. de Souza, E.I.P. de Souza, G.A. Puiatti, R.P.L. Moreira, Enhanced degradation of Direct Red 80 dye via Fenton-like process mediated by cobalt ferrite: generated superoxide radicals and singlet oxygen., Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 31, 28025 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32976-w.

R.C.S. Neves, E.L.T. França, A.R. Rodrigues, S.A. Junior, D.C.D.O. Conceiç, Development of a new method for the preparation of mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) with applied parameters for magnetic hyperthermia, Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, 37 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2023.101073.

T. Tatarchuk, A. Shyichuk, Z. Sojka, J. Gryboś, M. Naushad, V. Kotsyubynsky, M. Kowalska, S. Kwiatkowska-Marks, N. Danyliuk, Green synthesis, structure, cations distribution and bonding characteristics of superparamagnetic cobalt-zinc ferrites nanoparticles for Pb(II) adsorption and magnetic hyperthermia applications, J. Mol. Liq., 328, 115375 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115375.

J. Mazarío, S. Ghosh, V. Varela-izquierdo, L.M. Martínez-prieto, B. Chaudret, Magnetic Nanoparticles and Radio Frequency Induction: From Specific Heating to Magnetically Induced Catalysis, ChemCatChem., 202400683 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202400683.

R. Jasrotia, J. Prakash, Y.B. Saddeek, A.H. Alluhayb, A.M. Younis, N. Lakshmaiya, C. Prakash, K.A. Aly, M. Sillanpää, Y.A.M. Ismail, A. Kandwal, P. Sharma, Cobalt ferrites: Structural insights with potential applications in magnetics, dielectrics, and Catalysis, Coord. Chem. Rev., 522, 216198 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216198.

S.S.L. Ali, S. Selvaraj, K.M. Batoo, A. Chauhan, G. Rana, S. Kalaichelvan, A. Radhakrishnan, Green synthesis of cubic spinel ferrites and their potential biomedical applications, Ceram. Int., 50, 52159 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.084.

J. Prakash, R. Jasrotia, Suman, J. Ahmed, S.M. Alshehri, T. Ahmad, M. Fazil, M. Sillanpää, N. Lakshmaiya, V. Raja, Soft nickel modified cobalt based nanomaterials: An advanced approach for green hydrogen generation, J. Mol. Liq., 414, 126123 (2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2024.126123.

Z. Chang, S.O. Ganiyu, Q. Feng, M.G. El-din, Structure tunning of MoS2@Fe3O4 by modulating electron density for enhanced Fenton-like PMS activation: Accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle for efficient micropollutants removal, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 12, 114944 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114944.

T. Tatarchuk, A. Shyichuk, V. Kotsyubynsky, N. Danyliuk, Catalytically active cobalt ferrites synthesized using plant extracts: Insights into structural, optical, and catalytic properties, Ceram. Int., (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.470.

F. Qi, W. Chu, B. Xu, Catalytic degradation of caffeine in aqueous solutions by cobalt-MCM41 activation of peroxymonosulfate, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 134–135, 324 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.01.038.

H. Muthukumar, M.K. Shanmugam, S.N. Gummadi, Caffeine degradation in synthetic coffee wastewater using silverferrite nanoparticles fabricated via green route using Amaranthus blitum leaf aqueous extract, J. Water Process Eng. 36, 101382 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101382.

S. Jauhar, S. Singhal, Substituted cobalt nano-ferrites, CoxFe2O4 (Cr3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) as heterogeneous catalysts for modified Fenton’s reaction, Ceramics International, 40(8), 11845-11855 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.04.019.